of little falls



C. B. DALZELL.

CENTRIFUGAL TESTING MACHINEx APPLICATION FILED ocnze', ma;

Patented Nov. 11, 1919.

'2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

C B. DALZELL.

CENTRIFUGAL TESTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED ocT.2s, 1918,

l ,32 1,288. Patented Nov. ll, 1919.

SHEETS-'SHEET 2y UNITED STATES CHARLES 13. DALznLL, or LITTLE FALLS, NEWYORK, ASSIGNon ro n.' n. BURRELL c co..

PATENT OFFICE..

. OELITTLE FALLS, NEW YORK.

CENTRFUG'AL TESTING-MAQHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.l

Patented Nov'. 11, 1919.

Application ledictober 26, 1918. Serial No. 259,827.

To all whom it may concern.'

a citizenof the United States, residing at Little Falls, in the countyof Herkimer and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Centrifugal Testing- Machines, of which the following isa specification.

A This invention relates more particularly to improvements in*centrifugal liquid testing machines or centrifuges of the types used fordetermining the percentage of butter fat in milk and'cream, in which theliquid to be tested is put in bottles or containers which are whirledin' a rotating carrier to cause the separation of the fat from theliquid by centrifugal action. Y

'In the use of these centrifuges for testing milk and cream, as is Wellknown, a mixture of the milk orA cream and sulfuric acid is placedin thetest bottles and shaken until all curd has disappeared. The bottles arethen placedinthe'rotary carrier and whirled at the proper speed for apredetermined period of time. Then the bottles are vfilled to the baseof the necks with hot Water of suitable Y temperature, usually about140, and whirled agaln. Thereafter the bottles are, filled' nearly tothe tops of their. graduated necks and then given a inal vwhirl for adeinite period of time. It isnecessary, in making q the tests, tomaintain a suitable temperature in the testers, so that .the butterfat-which,-

due to the centrifugal action, moves into the' inwardly directed necksof the bottles,` shall not be cooled o to a point which willl affect theresult and prevent a correctreadin'g. It has been customary incentrifuges of thej` steam 'turbine type to maintain the temperar turebyallowing a small amount of steam to enter the inclosing casing of thecentri-1 fges during the test; In the use of other ty es of machinesWhere steam 1s notava-ileV Iab e, hot water'has been put into the'tester casing -or a lamp or other lheating device 'placed under. thebodyof the tester-:to maintain the. temperature. While more or lessaccurate results havebeen obtained inthese" ways they are not convenientor satisfactory` Ways of maintaining the temperature. In

the case of hand and motor-driven testers,

lsteamis not always lavailable, or if available itA may 'inconvenientfor one reasonorl-an# other touse the `steam -forv heating the tester.

l It is inconvenient for obvious reasons to use y Be it'known that I,CHARLES B. DALZELL@ hot. Water in the tester casing or to heat thecasing by means of external devices.

The Vobject of this invention is to overcome these diilicultiesandproyide eicient,

practical and convenientl means of simple construct1on for Vproperlymaintaining the y temperature 'in centrifugal testers.

'As above indlcated, hot water is used 'inv the bottles in running thetest and in accordance-with this invention a water heater of convenienttype is preferably provided both for supplying -s'uch hot water, and for'maine ltaining the.v required temperature in the tester during thetest. This water heater is Aalso preferablyy so disposed withreference.to the tester that the, hot-water can be con- 7 2. is an. elevation,partlvin sectionA thereof, illustrating how the hot water is de` liveredfrom the. heater into the test bottles..

" Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation showinga modified for-m of waterheater. Fig. 4 1s an elevation of another modification ofthe invention..

Referring first to Figs. l and 2,13.V representsA the 'casing of thetest-er, and B the rotary carrier thereof provided with the usualswinging holders()- for'the test bottles or containers D. I Asusual,these bottles or con-- tainers .have long graduatedlnecks and when.'

the machine. is at rest the bottles are held upright by the swinging,holders, as shown in' I Fig. 2. :When the',carrier is rotated the cupsswing upwardly. and hold the bottles with their "necks extendingyinwardly `or toward .the axis of rotation of the carrier. The casing Ais shown asbei'ng provided with the 'J usual hinged or movablecover Eadapted to .be `opened to afford access to' the interior of thevcasing.F1 represents an electric motor vsuitably geared to the rotary carrierfor, driving i't.- .The invention is not concerned.

with the construction of these parts of the I machine and they'may be ofany .usual or Y .suitable leonstruction; The rotary; carr 1erl can bedriven by .powerin other Sut- *able wayfor by hand.v Y i represents aWater and air heater Which preferably comprises an outer casing 11, aWater receptacle-'12 located in the casing, and means for heating theWater in this'receptacle In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, anelectric heating unit is provided in a chamber 1? Within the casing 11belowvtlie Water receptacle.. 14; represents thl electrical terminals of'this heating unit, whichmayibe'of any lrhown or suitable type. TheWater receptacle 12 and the heatingunit are suitably supported in'thecasing 11 so as to leave an air space in the casing around, andpreferably under, the Water receptacle and heating unit. Theheater-casing 11 .is connected With the casing A' ofthe tester 'soV asto permit the circulation of air through the' tivo casings. -Forinstance, the upper portion of the heatercasing- 11 is connected by apipe I15. to the central portion of the tester casing A and-theperipheral portion of .thetestercasing A is connected 'by a pipe 16 tothe bottom of the heater casing 11. The

Y rotation of the bottle carrier and bottles in` the casing A produces afan action which causes a circulation of air from, thel ripper portionof-the'heatercas' 11 through the pipe 15 into the casin 'A an theiicethrough the'pipe 16 back to t e lower portion of the heater casing 11.This circulating air is heated by the-heating unit .and the hot Waterinthe heater casing 11 and the hot air and vapor'from the Water maintainthe necessary temperature in' the tester casing.

An electric Water heater is vdesirable for testers which are driven byelectrical motors r which are used jin establishments Where electricityis available. for the Water heater. Any other suitable construction ofelectric water heating device, such for yinstance as a plain cup With anelectric immersion coil, could be employed forv heating the Water'.

Preferably the Water receptacle 12 is provided With a draw-orf .cock 17to which is connected a flexible tube 18, and the Water receptacle islocated atl such an elevation' with reference to the tester thatWatercan be dischargedffromthe Water receptacle 12 throughthe tube '18initd-the test bottles `Without removingthem :ErdenA the tester, as

indicated-in Fig. 2. The draw-off cock is preferably located far enoughabove the bot tom of the water receptacle to prevent the drawingioii ot'all of the 'Water and thus 'causing possible injury fromthe heat to theWater heater.

Fig. 3 illustrates a construction or Water heater which is .suitable foruse where. electricity or steam. are not availablefor heating the Water.In this construction the water is heated by. a lamp 19 located beneaththe open-bottom of fthe-casing 11a' of the heater. The heater casing isconnected to the tester' casing A.. in a manner similar to that beforeexplained, by means of upper and lower pipes 15a and 162 connecting re-.circulation of the air. through the'heater cas? ing 111? and throughthe tester casing is pro-4 duced by means of a fan, which is indicatedat 20. -As-shown, this fan is driven by the -electric motor 21 whichdrives the rotary carrier of the tester, and the discharge pipe ofthefan connects with the bottom ofthe heater casing While the upper portionof the. heater casing is connected by a pipe 23 with the central portionof the tester casing. The heater 11b may be constructed like that'shownin Figs. 'l and 2, or may be of any other suitable construction. The fancauses a circulation of air through the heater casing, Where it isheated, and thence through the tester casing which may have an opening24 or. other provision for the escape of the air' so as to insure theproper circulation of the hot air through the ,tester casing. ,By theconstruction 'shown in Fig. 4, the fan is adapted either to take outside,air through its inlet opening and deliver or easily applied by any one'-to the Wa'ist-` heater, to the tester casing, or if 'a more activecirculation of the air is desired, to take the air from the testercasing. This may be accomplished y connecting the fan inlet with theperipheral portion of the tester casingv by a plpe 25 provided with anair-'inlet opening 26 and a damper or "valve'27 adapted to be turned soas to close either the pipe or the inlet opening. By turning this damperto the position shown 4by dotted lines, the rfan will circulate outsideair through the heater and tester casing, Whereas by leaving the damperin the position shown by solid lines the'fan will recirculate the air,drawingit fromthe tester casing and returning it through the heater tothe tester casing.

In each of the embodiments of the invention illustratedthe constructionof the Water and air heater is such that the vapor from the hot Waterpasses with the heated air into the tester. In thepractical use of thecentrifuge the operator heats up th'e Water before the tester iswhirled, thereby storing in the Water a quantity of heatwhlch is carriedin the form of vapor'over into-the tester case. Therefore, more heat istransferred'to the case than would be possible by the circulation of airalone.

I claim as my invention:

1. The combination with the casing of a. centrifugal tester in which a.container forf the'material being tested is-Whirled,A o f c :Waterheater, 'and means for supplying heated air and vapor from said waterheater to said. casing for. heating the tester.

2. The combination with -the casingl of al'centrifugal tester in which acontainer for .thematerial being tested is whirled, lof a water heater,and means for circulating air past said water heater and through saidcasing whereby the air is heated and the heated air and ,vapor from thewater are supplied toi the tester casing.

3. The combination with the casing. of a centrifugal tester in.`whicl1"acontainer for thematerial being tested is whirled, of a .water heatercomprising a casing, a water receptacle therein, and means for heatingthe water, and means4 for circulating air through sald heater and testercasmgs Y whereby the air, is heated and heats the tester.

4. The combination with a centrifugal testerycomprising `a casing, andmeans for .whirling therein a container for the inalte-v rialjbeingtested, of an'air heater,'and a connection from said air heater 'to saidcasing.

whereby the fan act-ion of said tester `causes theA delivery of air fromsaid air heater into said casing for heating the tester.

5; The combination with a centrifugal tester comprising a casing, andmeans for whirling therein a container for the material being tested,-of an air heater, and connections from said air heater to said casingwhereby the fan action of said testercauses the Scirculation of airthroughsaid air heater andsaid casing and heats the tester.

6. The combination with -a centrifugal tester comprisingv a casing, andmeans rfor whirling therein a container for the material being tested,of a waterheater, and a connection from said water heater to said casingwhereby the fan action of said tester -causes the delivery of air heatedby said water heater into said the tester.

7. The combination with a tester comprising a casing,

casing ,for heating centrifugal and. means for whirling therein acontainer for the material being tested, of awater heater.` comprising acasing, a :water receptacle therein, and

i .means for heatinglthe water, and connections rom said heater caslngto sald tester casing whereby the fan action of said test-er causes theVcirculation of air through said heater and .testercasings and the airyis heatedand heats the tester.

8, The combination with the casing of a centrifugal tester in whichv acontainer for the material being tested is whirled, of al water heater,means for supplying heated air from said water heater to said casing forheating the tester, and means for discharging waterfrom said waterheater into the container in the tester, said water heater being locatedat an elevation relative to the water from the tester to. enable theflow 'of heater into the container. a

9. The combi-nation with a centrifugal tester comprising a casing, andmeans forthe tester.

10. The combination with a centrifugal tester comprising a casing, andmeans for whirling therein a container for the material being tested, ofan air heater comprising a casing and means'for heating air therein,

an air connection from said heater casing to the centra-lpart of saidtester casing, and an air connection from th peripheral portion of thetester casing to the heater casing whereby the fan action of said testercauses 4the circulation of air through said casings andthe heating ofthe tester.

Witness my hand, this 23rd .day of Cotober, 1918..

CHARLES B. DALZELL.

Witnesses:

L. M. GnAvns, H. C. MrLLER.

